备份之用。
(CNN) -- Dutch airline Transavia said it has launched an investigation after a Boeing 737 pilot was locked out of the cockpit and his first officer was later found asleep at the controls.
德国的Transavia 航空在一架737的驾驶员被睡着的副驾驶关在驾驶舱外之后，开展了调查。
The incident took place in September, when the airliner was en route from Greece to the Netherlands, a top Dutch safety investigation agency said. The 737 landed safely in Amsterdam as scheduled, the airline said Wednesday.
一名德国的高级飞安官员称，此事发生在9月，当时飞机正执行希腊到荷兰的定期航班。航空公司周三称，这架飞机在阿姆斯特丹准时着陆。
According to a Dutch Safety Board report released Wednesday, the pilot stepped out of the cockpit to take a bathroom break about 2½ hours into the flight.
据德国飞安部门周三披露的报告称，机长在飞行2.5小时时出去嘘嘘。
When he returned a short time later, the pilot used an intercom to ask his first officer to open the door. There was no answer, the report said.
当这货很快回来时，他用内话系统喊副机长开门。报告称，没人吱声。
Eventually, the pilot alerted the crew and was able to open the door himself. That's when he found the first officer asleep, according to the report.
最后，机长警告了机组，自己把门打开了。报告称，当时他发现副机长睡着了囧rz。。。
（super批注：机长自己不知道密码么？）
"It's a serious incident," said Wim van der Weegen of the Dutch Safety Board, "What makes it serious is the combination of the pilot being unable to access the cockpit and the first officer being asleep.
飞安官员称“这事很严重，特别是副机长睡着了，机长又进不去驾驶舱。”
"By 'serious incident,' I mean the flight was in danger," he said.
他说，“我的意思的，飞行曾经处于险境。”
（super批注：Silkair 185.。。。。）
The Dutch Safety Board will decide whether to open its own inquiry when the airline's investigation is finished, van der Weegen said.
这人又表示，德国飞安部门将考虑航空公司内部调查完毕后，是否开展调查。
Laws regarding pilot breaks during flights vary from country to country. For U.S. carriers, sleeping while at the controls is a violation of FAA regulations. Flights longer than eight hours require a relief pilot on board to take over when pilots sleep.
这事在不同的国家，犯的法不同，至少在美国是犯法的。8小时以上的航班需要另一个机组轮换。
U.S. airlines also require a flight attendant to be in the cockpit when the pilot or first officer take bathroom breaks, in case the person flying the aircraft becomes incapacitated.
美国还要求机长或副机长如厕的时候，驾驶舱里面必须有空服员，以防剩余的飞行员突然失能。
 
就翻一个：（这个还是很有营养的，大家可以看看。。。。重要地方黑体标出，懒得看的直接看黑体）
GnatB Zephyr • 3 days ago
They weren't on autopilot?。。。这人剩下的话不是重点。难道没有自动驾驶吗？
（以下不一定逐字翻译，但是重点肯定不会缺）Zephyr GnatB • 2 days ago
（前文：有人YY为什么不能取消飞行员，还有就是这货。）
Autolands do exist, and they are used in extreme weather on some aircraft. Let's set aside the fact that they require some pretty involved programming before the approach begins and no airliner has an autoland programmed before they have a runway assignment from the destination ATC. We'll also ignore the fact that autolands can land in zero visibility, but aren't so good at strong crosswinds, tailwinds, or turbulence creating large pitch excursions. Both the runway (like you said) AND the airplane have to be equipped with the capability. The flight was going to Amsterdam, so at least one runway there would be so equipped. The airplane probably was not. Autoland technology can be installed on any airliner, but it's expensive and you'll primarily see it on the largest long-haul jets in a major airline's fleet. It's pretty uncommon at budget airlines and on smaller jets used for shorter over-land routes because the cost of an occasional fog-related diversion is generally less than the cost of installing and maintaining the system. I don't know for sure, but I doubt an airline like Transvia would have sprung for that cost. Saying that airliners can land themselves is like saying cars can parallel park themselves. The technology exists, sure, but most of the cars driving around the city don't have it.
有“自动着陆”，在极端天气下，某些飞机会使用。先不谈这个需要特殊的进场程序，这些东西航空公司在得到空管的跑道许可之前根本没法写。也不谈这东西在0能见度下好用，但是在强侧风，顺风，乱流等恶劣天气下不好用。自动着陆需要跑道和飞机共同达到要求。飞机是去阿姆斯特丹，所以至少一条跑道会有这套设备，但是飞机就不一定了。有安这东西的公司，但那都是有钱的主，廉价航空一般不安，因为投入产出不成比例。文中的这个公司可能就没有。总之，这就像可以自动进车位的技术一样：有倒是有，但是基本上路上跑的车都没有安。
（super注释：这就是所谓的ILS，必须有ILS3类才能使用自动着陆。目前中国没有这样的机场，而且公司也不允许使用这东西。ILS的细节可以wiki，也可以到模拟飞行那边问。貌似fs9有一课就是ILS盲降？）
 
Autolands aside, people misunderstand autopilots themselves. Modern airliners do have the autopilot on for the majority of the flight, but that autopilot requires constant inputs. Even the most advanced airliners out there don't start their descent without pilot input. The technology might technically exist, but jets fly in complicated, congested airspace and you don't start a descent until have clearance from ATC, which means that you don't have the descent programmed until you actually hear ATC clear you to start down. When the autopilot is on, pilots are constantly manually programming it to turn to headings, intercept new courses, start climbs, start descents, slow down, speed up, etc. The pilot's hands might not be on the yoke and thrust levers, but they're still telling the airplane to do every step along the way.
而且，大家对自动驾驶有误解。大多数时间都是自动驾驶仪操作，但是自动驾驶仪需要一直有人工输入数据。最先进的飞机也得人工输入才能下降。技术存在，但是没ATC指令，飞机不能开始下降程序。飞行员还是要控制航向，路径点，爬升，下降，加速，减速。等等。虽然手不用放在方向舵和油门杆上，但是飞行员还是要给飞机下指令。（super注释：“等等”包括监控飞机，联系ATC。手册写明，公司推荐使用自动驾驶；但是要了解自动驾驶的局限性，而且，恶劣天气必须人工。
 
That's why those flights with pilots asleep and/or distracted overflew their destinations. Without input to start down, the airplane would laterally track the last course programmed into the flight management system at the last altitude it was flying at. When it reached the end of its programmed route it would default into just flying straight ahead. This also happened to the private jet carrying golfer Payne Stewart after it suffered a decompression that rendered the pilots unconscious but the airplane physically unharmed. The flight was supposed to be from Florida to Dallas, but without pilot inputs it ended up flying a constant heading until it ran out of fuel and crashed...in South Dakota.
所以，如果飞行员睡着了，有可能飞过头。现在的自动驾驶仪是，按设定飞向最终的路径点。到达之后，就直线飞行。Payne Stewart这人的飞机就是这样，飞行员睡着了，结果飞机一飞行，最终坠毁。应该是从弗罗里达到达拉斯，结果飞机竟然飞到了南达科他州。
 
As for aircraft taxiing themselves, that technology is being looked into by Honeywell and a few other companies but it is years away from actual real world testing. Despite advances in technology, airliners still require a (conscious) pilot at the controls. You will get into a city bus without a driver before you board an airliner without a pilot.
无人驾驶的科技正在研发，但是还远得很。。。现在，飞行员是必不可少的。估计，公共汽车会先实现无人化吧。。。
（super注释：至少某些地铁貌似无人化了。。。）
(edited) Wow, I get long-winded. Apologies for the length.好吧，写的太长了。。。（好吧，你累死我了。。。）
下面还有一些外行在争论，不搬了。
大家可以开始吐槽了。。。